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  • stona
    SMF Supporters
    • Jul 2008
    • 9889

    #436
    Wednesday October 30

    The autumn weather returned. A belt of heavy rain moved slowly eastwards across the country. Anyone looking out of their windows over the last couple of weeks will have seen weather not dissimilar to that in which the Battle of Britain staggered towards its conclusion.

    Most raiding was done by single aircraft and most bombing was confined to the south east of England. A few raiders managed to reach London and bombs fell on some suburbs. Some of the Luftwaffe fighter commanders had enough of fighter-bombing raids and decided to mount true ‘Freiejagd’, fighter sweeps, over southern England. One such was Major Trautloft, who recorded in his diary

    “As the Tommies proved quite aggressive towards our Jabos the past few days, we take off without any bombs for a real free hunting mission”.

    Of the 150 Bf 109s from JG 26 and JG 54 which flew in over England at noon, only ten were carrying bombs. Park scrambled ten squadrons to meet this raid. Southeast of London six Spitfires from No. 222 Squadron’s ‘A’ Flight dived on thirty Bf 109s of JG 26. Six other Spitfires from ‘B’ Flight remained higher up, and even higher up 41 Squadron lay and waited. One Bf 109 was hit and exploded but P/ O Alfred Davies from 222 Squadron was shot down and killed.

    III./JG 51 clashed with No 249 Squadron. Australian ace P/O William Millington, with 10 victories, was shot down and killed by Feldwebel Werner Bielefeld. JG 51 escaped unscathed.

    A similar intrusion, again with about 150 Bf 109s was made in the evening. This time No. 602 Squadron tangled with JG 26 losing P/O Douglas Gage and Canadian Sergeant William Smith in exchange for one of its Bf 109s.

    Sending out more fighters and fewer fighter-bombers proved to be a good tactic for the Luftwaffe’s fighter units, but it is difficult to see how this would change the course of events.

    A significant loss today was that of a Ju 88 of 8./LG1, which made a forced landing at near Ely in Cambridgeshire at about 14.50. Two of the crew had baled out, the other two remained aboard. The cause of the crash was not clear, but .303 strikes on the aircraft showed that it had been attacked by British fighters and one engine was seized. None of this is remarkable. Remarkable were the documents found in the aircraft, which included a diary which gave the position of the transmitters and frequencies of the ‘Knickebein’ VHF directional beams. RAF Intelligence Officers gleaned a lot of information from documents, letters etc. found on Luftwaffe crew and in their aircraft. Luftwaffe discipline was very poor in this respect. A lot of documents that should never have been carried over enemy territory were routinely taken, but this was a valuable and unexpected bonus.

    The Luftwaffe had lost 5 aircraft in operations against Britain today, with another 3 damaged. Fighter Command had lost 6 of its aircraft with another 5 damaged. Several aircraft on both sides were damaged or written off following accidents, many caused by the increasingly bad weather.

    Tonight the weather had taken a turn for the worse. Visibility was very bad and the erratic courses of aircraft tracked over the Midlands reflected their struggles to find their targets. No more than sixty aircraft flew against Britain tonight and about forty of these attacked London. Enemy activity decreased after 22.00, a reflection of the deteriorating weather.

    Bomber Command’s operations were also curtailed by the weather. 28 sorties were despatched, to targets in Germany, Belgium and Holland. Most failed to find their targets but all returned safely.

    Comment

    • adt70hk
      SMF Supporters
      • Sep 2019
      • 10400

      #437
      Thanks as always Steve. Only one more day to go.

      ATB

      Andrew

      Comment

      • stona
        SMF Supporters
        • Jul 2008
        • 9889

        #438
        Originally posted by adt70hk
        Only one more day to go.
        Andrew
        Yep, and I'll give you a clue, that weather front was what the met office likes to call 'slow moving'. Tomorrow won't be a day of frenetic action

        Comment

        • stona
          SMF Supporters
          • Jul 2008
          • 9889

          #439
          Thursday 31 October

          The front that had swept across the UK yesterday brought gloomy and wet weather. Low cloud and heavy rain.

          There was no action over South East England today and there were no operational combat losses on either side. The Battle of Britain petered out with a whimper, it certainly did not go out with a bang.

          Tonight an estimated 30 Luftwaffe aircraft operated over Britain, bombs fell on London, East Anglia and Kent.

          Bomber Command despatched just 14 Blenheims tonight, only 5 of which found and attacked their targets in France. There were no losses.

          The Air Ministry, in its wisdom decreed that today was the last day of the Battle of Britain. It’s an arbitrary date, as is the start date of 10 July. The dates have more to do with defining the Battle for administrative purposes than they do with any historical events. For example the award of the Battle of Britain Clasp was dependent on these dates, as laid out in AMO A.544/1946.

          “…a clasp to the 1939-45 star may be made to flying personnel who flew in fighter aircraft engaged in the Battle of Britain between 10th July 1940 and 31st October 1940…The clasp is not available for personnel who flew in aircraft other than fighters, notwithstanding that they may have been engaged with the enemy during the qualifying period.”

          Click image for larger version

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          The British were ostensibly fighting to prevent a seaborne invasion of Britain and the OKW had postponed such plans until 1941 on 12 October, a far more sensible date to call the end from a British perspective. The fighting did not suddenly stop today. The fighting continued into 1941. German historians will argue that the battle, or campaign as they see it, did not end until May 1941 which saw the end of the night blitz as the Luftwaffe withdrew to prepare for the invasion of the USSR.

          As far as this narrative is concerned, the Battle of Britain ended today.

          There are as many opinions about the result of the Battle as there are books written about it! The Luftwaffe had not achieved any of its objectives, least of all establishing air superiority over the Channel and southern England, which would have had the Kriegsmarine scrambling for another excuse NOT to mount Operation Sealion.

          We can only look at the figures. These vary in different sources, but the best I have are that the RAF had lost 1,172 aircraft (631 Hurricanes, 403 Spitfires, 115 Blenheim fighters* and 23 Defiants) to the Luftwaffe’s 1,887. The Luftwaffe had won the fighter vs fighter exchanges, losing 845 of its fighters, 235 of which were Bf 110s, but that’s hardly the point.

          These figures come with a human cost. 537 RAF airmen had been killed but the Luftwaffe had lost 2,662 of its aircrew. Many, many more would spend the rest of the war in PoW camps and take no further part in the German war effort.

          This image is of the men who flew with the 1./Erprobungsgruppe 210. All those marked with a cross were killed in the Battle of Britain. They were the cream of German airmen, almost all with at least two or three years’ flying experience. They were irreplaceable.

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          Of course, Fighter Command had suffered its own losses, but the Air Ministry figures show that it had not been degraded in the same way as the Luftwaffe.

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          Before someone asks, I.E. is ‘Initial Establishment’ or ‘Initial Equipment’. The I.R. which is noted as not shown is the ‘Immediate Reserve’, which in this context could refer to reserve squadrons or the number of reserve aircraft at a squadron (usually just two or three).

          There is some debate about how operational some of the operational pilots really were, but the RAF had the luxury of posting such men to the Class B and C squadrons, where they could complete their training without a significant risk of meeting the enemy. Both Park and Dowding took public exception to assertions made in the Air Ministry’s Battle of Britain pamphlet to the effect that Fighter Command was stronger at the end of the Battle than it had been at the beginning. As many as one third of the pilots within Fighter Command were not operational in their sense of the word when the stabilisation system was finally abandoned in November 1940.

          The Luftwaffe’s losses, not just in the Battle of Britain, but in the campaigns it fought in Poland and across the Low Countries and France, meant that it started its campaign against the USSR in June 1941 with 4,882 aircraft, barely stronger than it had been in May 1940 when it fielded 4,782 aircraft. In crucial areas it was very much weaker. The invasion of the USSR started with 200 fewer bombers than had the Battle of France. German bomber production had failed to keep pace with the Luftwaffe’s losses. The quantity and more importantly quality of its aircrew never recovered. It had been defeated. It was the first major defeat for German arms during WW2, we know now that it was not the last.

          Thanks for reading. I hope that you have enjoyed reading this little diary as much as I have enjoyed writing it. If nothing else, it should show the cost of war. More than 3,000 of the best young men from Britain and her Allies as well as from Germany had perished during the last four months as well as many on the ground. What a waste.

          Lest we forget.

          *These aircraft are ignored in many accounts, which is why a figure of around 1,050 is often given.

          Comment

          • adt70hk
            SMF Supporters
            • Sep 2019
            • 10400

            #440
            Steve

            Thank you, thank you very much indeed for your efforts.

            A most excellent effort. You have my deepest appreciation for all the work you have put in.

            ATB

            Andrew

            Comment

            • Tim Marlow
              SMF Supporters
              • Apr 2018
              • 18884
              • Tim
              • Somerset UK

              #441
              Well done Steve. This has been a fantastic read throughout. I too really appreciate the effort involved, though I suspect this was a labour of love on your part. I am really going to miss these updates, they have been a highlight of my morning :disappointed2:

              Comment

              • Neil Merryweather
                SMF Supporters
                • Dec 2018
                • 5182
                • London

                #442
                Steve, many thanks also from me.
                I have thoroughly enjoyed reading these diary entries- they are a remarkable achievement and one I hope you are proud of.

                Comment

                • Allen Dewire
                  SMF Supporters
                  • Apr 2018
                  • 4741
                  • Allen
                  • Bamberg

                  #443
                  Morn Steve,

                  I too can only express my sincere thanks to you for taking the time and effort to do this. As said, this was a "must read" every day. You have a superb style of writing and the condensing of all this info, turning it into an accurate account on a daily basis. It will be missed....Once again, thank you Sir!!!

                  Prost
                  Allen
                  Life's to short to be a sheep...

                  Comment

                  • BattleshipBob
                    SMF Supporters
                    • Apr 2018
                    • 6785
                    • Bob
                    • Cardiff

                    #444
                    Amazing work Steve, every morning in bed with cuppa, first thing read your diary! Thank you very much for what must have been a very time consuming job, now what about WW11, should take about 5yrs or so

                    Comment

                    • stona
                      SMF Supporters
                      • Jul 2008
                      • 9889

                      #445
                      Thank you all very much for being so kind about my efforts. I really do appreciate that you have enjoyed the read.

                      It has been a labour of love and I have very much enjoyed doing it. Yesterday I put the last half dozen or so books back in their correct places on my bookshelves and wondered what to do next! With the current pandemic situation and as we veer towards another national lockdown there is little prospect of a return to work. I'll be okay and I hope everyone else can get through it too; most important is to stay safe and healthy, I don't think many of us here are in the first flush of youth

                      I suppose I will concentrate on some models. I'm still ducking the CR.42 but I do have a 1/72 Blenheim which I have been thinking of completing as an early night fighter. I already have the gun pack, I just need some decals. The Battle of Britain may well have finished today, but the night blitz continued over the winter.

                      Thanks again

                      Steve

                      Comment

                      • Andy the Sheep
                        SMF Supporters
                        • Apr 2019
                        • 1864
                        • Andrea
                        • North Eastern Italy

                        #446
                        I'm joining the others' thanks for your patient and accurate work.
                        Very well done.
                        Andrea.

                        Comment

                        • Tim Marlow
                          SMF Supporters
                          • Apr 2018
                          • 18884
                          • Tim
                          • Somerset UK

                          #447
                          Cat’s eyes Cunningham‘s Blenheim perhaps then Steve?

                          Comment

                          • stillp
                            SMF Supporters
                            • Nov 2016
                            • 8086
                            • Pete
                            • Rugby

                            #448
                            Steve, this thread deserves to be consolidated into a single document and made into a 'sticky', so your superb research doesn't get lost. Anyone else agree?
                            Pete

                            Comment

                            • Tim Marlow
                              SMF Supporters
                              • Apr 2018
                              • 18884
                              • Tim
                              • Somerset UK

                              #449
                              Definitely agree. In fact, I think they should be expanded slightly and published. I’ve read a few accounts of the battle, and this was one of the most accessible.

                              Comment

                              • stona
                                SMF Supporters
                                • Jul 2008
                                • 9889

                                #450
                                Originally posted by Tim Marlow
                                Cat’s eyes Cunningham‘s Blenheim perhaps then Steve?
                                I have decals on a generic sheet which are about the correct size to do NG-R, which Cunningham definitely flew with No 604 Squadron. If I can find enough detail about the scheme I might just do that one

                                Comment

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